IS 2686: Cinder as Fine Aggregates for use in Lime Concrete

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IS 2686 (1977) : Cinder as Fine Aggregates for use in Lime
Concrete [CED 4: Building Limes and Gypsum Products]

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

Bhartrhari — Nitisatakam
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PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT

IS : 2686 - 1977

(Reaffirmed 2009)

Indian Standard

SPECinCATION FOR

CINDER AGGREGATES FOR USE IN
LIME CONCRETE

( First Revision)

Second Reprint NOVEMBER 1989

UDC 666.972.12.022.2

@ Copyright 1978

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 2

January 1978

IS : 2686 - 1977

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR

CINDER AGGREGATES FOR USE IN

LIME CONCRETE

( First Revision)

Building Limes Sectional Committee, BDC 4

Chairman Repnsenltng

Dh IqbaL Am Engineering Research Laboratories, Govrrnmcnt of

Andhra Pradesh, Hyderahad

Mtmbers

Shri V. S. AoAHWALA Englncer-in-Chicf *s Branch ( Army Headquarters )

Sum K, R. BaAMBHANi ( AUernaU )
SiiBI Sbidkak BANDyoPA,DHTtAY KKadi and Village Industries Commission, Bombay
Chief ENOiNKEit Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Madras

EXECUTIVB EnOINBBR

( HuDCO Cell ) ( AlUrnatt )
Dr S. K. Ghopka Cement Research Institute ol India, New Delhi

Shri P, C CHOWonRV Lime Manufacturers Association of India, Nrvv Delhi

Shbi G. C, Das National Test House, Calcutta

Shrf S. Da8 Gupta ( AUerntUe )
Db N. G. Davb Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ),

Roorkce
SuRt S. P. Garo ( AlUrnatt )
Shri Y. N. Davb Department of Mines and Geology, Government of

Rajaslhan, Jaipur
Shri R. G. Gupta ( Aliernatt )
Director Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab,

"Chandigarh
RKaEVRCH Officer ( B & M )
( Alternate )
Director, ERI, Vadodara Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat,

Ahmadabad
Resbaroh O r f I c s r

( M A T E R I A L TeSTINO

DiviaiON ) ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 2 )

© Copyright 1978

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act { XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 2686 - 1977

( Co'iliiiuftl fiom pnge I )

Members Representing

DiiM ( lou, MFRI, N\siK Inigaiion and Power Department, Government of

Maharaslura, Bombay
Ri m AU* H O F F I ( r n

( M AT I It 1 A t riMIINll

DiMstoN ), MI,RI, NvsiK

( Ulernate ) , ^, .

Dit R K (iHosii Central Road Research Institute (CSIR ),N«w Delhi

Smii M i' HirAii\( \lltntale )
Sifiti f S. Cii I Punjab Housing Development Roaul, Chandigarh

SiiKi S C iwwiA [ All< I n^le )
1 loirsiNo CoMMHHioNJCii Rajastlian Housing Board, Jaipur

Join I DiiiK loii RrsFAiu ii Mmistrv of Railways
■ (H&S).RDSO

Ahsis'i \nt D I n 1 < t n ti

Ri SKMM II ( H&S ), ROSO ( Allffuaie )
Suiti N. H KrsiiWANi Mini'sny of Transport and Shipping ( Roads Wing ),

New Delhi
Sutti N Mai FIX) Dyir'sSloneCoPvi I td, Dellii

Slim 11. 1- Maiiw\ii Builder's Associanon of India, Roinbay

Sum Haiush C Komi ( ( Alternate }
D» A V R Rao National Buildings Organiration, New Delhi

Sum J Spv Gt'PTA ( Alternate )
Slim V N Rao Madhya Piadcsh HouMng Boaid, Hhopal

hum S B. Si N Sarma Geological Suivcy of India, Cilcuita

SiTi'EiUNri NotNO L n a i N f E ii Pviblu VVoiks Deoaitment, Government of Madh\a
(DisK.Ns) Piadtsh, Ilhopai

Ri >?EAitrn ( AUernntf 1
St PI iiiNTi-NuiNO E N o I N E F, R Publlc Works Department, Government of Andhia

{ Pi vNNtNo &. DKSitiNa ) Pradesh, Hyderabad

Siipi KiNTFNniNC En(1infkr Public Works Depaitment, Government of Tamil
( I'l.ANKiNiJ & Dksions ) Nadu, Madias

Lxi-ciriiVE EnosINEF. R
( B u I L n I N Q Centre
Division ) ( AUefnnte )
SiniMVoiioF WoiiKs IV, SSW Cential Public Woiks Department, New Delhi

Shiu D Ajitha Simha, Director General, ISI ( Ex-officto Membtr )

Ducctoi ( Civ Engg )

Secretary

Siiiii K. M Mathur
Deputy Diiecioi ( Civ Engg ), IS!

AMENDMENT NO, I NOVEMBER 1984

TO

15:2686-1977 SPECIFICATION FOR CINDER AGGREGATES
FOR USE IN LIME CONCRETE

(First Revision)

Alteration

{First Cover, pages 1 and Z^ title) . Cubetltute
the follovli^ for the cxlstii^ title;

^Indian Standard

*

SPECIFICATION FOR CINDER AS FINE AGGREGATES
FOR USE IN LIME CONCRETE'

(First Revision)

(BDC li)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

IS : 2686 - 1977

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR

CINDER AGGREGATES FOR USE IN

LIME CONCRETE

(First Revision)

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 30 September 1977, after the draft finalized by
the Building Limes Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.

0.2 Cinder, which is available in plenty as a waste product from
locomotives, thermal power houses, etc, and possessing pozzolanic
properties may be advantageously utilized as a building material. Its
pozzolanic properties make it particularly suitable as an aggregate for
lime concrete. Its light-weight makes it fit for the manufacture of precast
blocks. However, for satisfactory use, the quality of cinder needs control
with regard to chemical composition, soundness, etc, and this standard is
intended to provide guidance in this respect.

0.2.1 This standard was published in 1964. The revision has been
prepared so as to keep in line with the latest British Standard on this
subject. The principal modifications made arc in regard to the provision
of grading and also deleting the" requirement of soundness test which is
not considered necessary.

0.3 It is considered that in view of the varying conditions of production
of cinder aggregate, grading requirements arc difficult to be specified.
However, average grading requirements have been given and it is
expected that users may further crush these so as to suit their
requirements.

0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded cff in accordance with
IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

•Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revistd).

IS t 2686 - 1977

1. SCOPE

1,1 This standard covers the requirements for cinder for use as aggregates
in lime concrete.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definition shall apply.

2*1 Cinder — Well-burnt furnace residue which has been fused or
sintered into lumps of varying sizes. The same material in a finely
powdered form is found to possess some pozzolanic activity.

3. GENERAL

3.1 Cinder aggregates shall be well-burnt furnace residue obtained from
furnaces using only coal as fuel. It shall be clean and free from clay,
dirt, wood ash or other deleterious matter.

4. CLASSES

4.1 The cinder aggregate shall be of the following three classes:

a) Class A — for general purposes,

b) Class B— for interior work not exposed to damp conditions, and

c) Class C — for precast blocks.

5. GRADING

5.1 The average grading for cinder aggrei^ate is as undci:

IS Sieve DeHgnation Peuentai^e Passim;

lO-mm 100

4-75-mm 80

2-36-mm GO

ri8-mm 40

600-micron 30

300-micron 25

150-micron 16

6. CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 Sttlpbate Content — The content of sulphate as determined by the
method given in Appendix A shall not exceed 1 percent when expressed
as sulphur trioxide.

6.2 Loss on Ignition — The percentage loss of mass on ignition when
tested by the method given in Appendix B shall not exceed 10 percent
for Class A, 20 percent for Class B and 25 percent for Class G.

IS 12686-1977
7. SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY

7.1 Sampling — The details of sampling are given in Appendix C.

7.2 Criteria for Coaformity — The test prescribed in 6.1 and 6.2 shall
be carried out and if the material fails to comply any of these requirements,
the test or tests in which it fails shall be repeated on each of the two
further portions of the same sample. If both of these further portions
satisfy the requirements, the consignment shall be deemed to comply
with the standard. If one or more of these further portions fail to satisfy
the requirement, then the consignment shall be deemed not to comply
with the standard.

APPENDIX A

{ Clause 6A )

METHOD FOR THE DETERMfNATION OF
SULPHATE CONTENT

A-1. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE

A-I.l A quantity of approximately I g of the sample prepared as
specified in C-2 shall be accurately weighed and transferred to a 400-ml
conical beaker. To this shall be added 50 ml of 2 N hydrochloric acid,
and the solution shall then be heated to boiling point, boiled for 3 minutes,
filtered and the residue washed with hot distilled water. The residue
shall be discarded.

A-2. PROCEDURE

A-2.1 To the filtrate add a little filter papei^ pulp. Heat the filtrate
almost to boiling point and make alkaline to methyl red indicator
by means of ammonia and simmer for half a minute. Filter the precipitate
under gentle suction through a filter paper of medium porosity, wash once
with hot distilled water and set aside the filtrate. Transfer the filter
paper and precipitate to a 250-ral beaker and redissolve the precipitate
in 5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to which has been added 70 ml
hot distilled water. Bring the solution nearly to the boiling and
reprecipitate by making it alkaline to methyl red indicator with ammonia.
Filter and wash the precipitate as before. Combine the fihratcs and
reject the precipitate.

IS 1 2686 -1977

A-2.2 Boil until the combined filtrates and washings are reduced to about
200 ml, make acid with 1 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid and add to
the hot solution 10 ml of cold barium chloride solution from a pipette
held so that the liquid falls into the middle of the hot solution while this
is rotated or shaken. Maintain just below boiling point for 30 minutes.

Note — With the excess of barium chloride used and under the conditions of
precipitation, complete recovery of the barium sulphate can be achieved by filtering
after 30 minutes.

A-2t3 Filler the precipitate through:

a) an ashless close textured double acid washed paper, or

b) a filter pad, or

c) an asbestos pad or a filter crucible dried at 105 ± 5''C to constant
mass.

Note — Macerate filter paper clippings of approximately 100 mm* or ashless
paper tablets with distilled water. Form a pad about 5 mm thick on a porcelain
cone or Witt plate in a 75-mm filter funnel taking care to avoid trapping air bubbles
beneath the plate. Tamp the pad lightly with a glass rod and wash with water
before me. When removing the barium sulphate precipitate for ignition, place the
pad on one half of a 125-mm filter paper and use the other half to wipe the funnel.

A-2-4 Wash with distilled water until free from chloride. After filtration
either by method (a) or (b), fold the wet filter paper and contents into
a previously ignited and weighed silica capsule, stand this on a silica
plate and place both in the muffle furnace at 800^G. Heat for 15 minutes,
remove the capsule, cool in a desiccator and weigh. After filtration by
method (c) dry the crucible and precipitate at 105±5°G to constant
mass.

Note — Ignition of the wet paper and contents gives more accurate results than
drying before ignition. Loss b) shock heating is prevented by the use of the silica
plate.

A-3. EVALUATION

A-3.1 The residue shall be expressed as percent by mass to the original
sample.

15:2686-1977

APPENDIX B

[Clause 6.2)

METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF LOSS ON IGNITION

B-1. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE AND PROCEDURE

B-1.1 Approximately I g of the sample prepared as specified in C-2
shall be accurately weighed in a previously ignited and weighed shallow
silica dish. It shall then be placed in a muffle furnace and maintained
at 775 ± 25°G for 2 hours. During the first 10 minutes the dish should
be covered with a suitable crucible lid. After 2 hours the dish shall be
removed, allowed to cool in a desiccator and reweighed.

B-2. EVALUATION

B'2.1 The loss in mass expressed as a percentage of the dry mass shall be
taken as the loss on ignition thus:

„ , ... Loss in mass , -^

Percentage loss on ignition =-7-= -? — X Iw

° Mass ot sample

APPENDIX C

(Clause 7.1 )

METHOD OF SAMPLING

G-1. GENERAL

C-1.1 It is essential that the sample should represent as nearly as possible
the proportions of coarse and fine material in the consignment; as it is
in the latter that the more deleterious constituents are likt^ly to be present.

C-L2 If the material to be sampled is in heaps, delivered at the same
time and from the same source, it may be regarded as one consignment
and a sample drawn from approximately one out of three heaps shall
suffice. Heaps of material from different sources, or delivered at different
times from the same source shall be sampled and tested separately.

C-1.3 The size of the initial sample drawn will vary with the size of the
consignment. From a consignment of 5 to 10 tonnes an initial sample
of 15 to 20 kg will suffice, while from a consignment of 50 tonnes or
more an initial sample of 45 to 90 kg is advisable. For consignments of
intermediate weight, the size of sample should be proportionate. In order
to ensure that a representative sample is obtained, the procedure as given
in C-2 shall adopted.

IS I 2686 - 1977

C-^. SAMPLING

C-2.1 The surface material shall be removed down the side of the heap
along a strip of about 30 cm width from top to bottom.

G-2.2 Starting at the bottom, samples shall be taken by means of large
shovels ( scoop like ) at 60 cm intervals up to the top of the heap. These
shall be put aside for the initial sample. The process shall be repeated
twice on different sides of the heap.

C'2'3 Very large lumps, if present in the composition of the sample,
shall be broken up, if necessary, and a representative portion taken for
the sample. This combined sample shall be thoroughly mixed with a
shovel and spread out into a flat heap. The heap shall be marked into
four equal parts with the shovel and alternate quarters shall be taken,
repeating this process, if necessary, so that a sample of 10 to 15 kg is
obtained. The sample thus obtained shall then be crushed until it passes
through 6'3-mm IS Sieve. The material thus passing through this sieve
shall again be mixed and the quartering process shall be repeated until a
sample weighing approximately 2 kg is obtained.

This 2 itg sample shall be ground to pass 850-micron IS Sieve and
when it has all passed through the sieve, it shall be again mixed and
quartered down to a final sample of about 25 to 45 g.

G-2.4 This final sample shall then be ground until it completely passes
150-micron IS Sieve. Drying of the sample, if necessary, for this purpose
shall be done over a steam-bath. If machine grinding is used, care shall
be taken that it does not reduce the mass to an excessive fineness. The
sample so obtained shall be subjected to the desired tests.

8

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